一、前言
隨著中(zhong)國經(jing)濟的(de)蓬(peng)勃發(fa)展，帶動(dong)了(le)各行各業的(de)興(xing)旺發(fa)達，尤其是(shi)占主(zhu)導地位的(de)房地產行業。房地產行業涉及(ji)眾多(duo)領域、而最基本的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)建(jian)材(cai)，建(jian)筑離不開瓷磚(zhuan)和(he)大理石(shi)(shi)等(deng)建(jian)材(cai)。與之相關陶(tao)瓷機械、石(shi)(shi)材(cai)機械的(de)生產企業也得到(dao)發(fa)展。
高檔酒(jiu)店、商務中心、地鐵等大(da)型(xing)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)建設都需要(yao)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)大(da)理石(shi)材料，而(er)在大(da)理石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產當(dang)中，理石(shi)排(pai)(pai)鋸是不可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)。傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)理石(shi)排(pai)(pai)鋸、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)大(da)都采用(yong)星三角降壓(ya)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)和串電(dian)(dian)阻調速(su)，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流大(da)、對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網沖擊大(da)，對(dui)進線變(bian)壓(ya)器容量要(yao)求也高，而(er)現在變(bian)頻器技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)成熟(shu)應用(yong)改變(bian)了(le)這一(yi)切，變(bian)頻器的(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)、軟(ruan)停(ting)車有效(xiao)降低了(le)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)沖擊，也減輕了(le)對(dui)輸入電(dian)(dian)源容量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，同時(shi)也降低了(le)由于設備(bei)硬啟(qi)(qi)硬停(ting)造成的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械磨損，還可(ke)以根(gen)據(ju)不同加工材料的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求隨時(shi)調整電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)。
理石排鋸(ju)是將一組（幾十(shi)到上(shang)百根(gen)不等）鋸(ju)片裝在鋸(ju)框(kuang)(kuang)上(shang)，由(you)馬達驅動大(da)飛輪上(shang)的(de)(de)曲柄連桿機(ji)構使鋸(ju)框(kuang)(kuang)做(zuo)往(wang)復運動，同時通過(guo)升降傳動機(ji)構連續向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)作進(jin)給運動對(dui)鋸(ju)片施(shi)壓，使金鋼石鋸(ju)片對(dui)石材(cai)做(zuo)相對(dui)的(de)(de)切(qie)割(ge)，將整塊(kuai)石材(cai)切(qie)割(ge)成所需(xu)寬(kuan)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)片材(cai)。鋸(ju)框(kuang)(kuang)往(wang)復運動速度(du)最高(gao)可達 92m/min，主運動導(dao)軌采用高(gao)鋼性設計，導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)精度(du)高(gao)，鋸(ju)縫小(xiao)，是目前排鋸(ju)的(de)(de)主流設計產品(pin)。如，下(xia)圖所示：
二、星三角降壓啟動
星(xing)(xing)三(san)角(jiao)降(jiang)(jiang)壓啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是一種簡單方(fang)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式(shi)，對于(yu)正常(chang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)子繞組為三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)(jie)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼠籠式(shi)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)來說，如(ru)果(guo)在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)定(ding)子繞組接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)星(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)，待啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)完畢后(hou)再接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)，就可(ke)以降(jiang)(jiang)低啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，減(jian)輕對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊。采(cai)用(yong)星(xing)(xing)三(san)角(jiao)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)原來按三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)(jie)法直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 1/3，如(ru)果(guo)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在 6~7 倍(bei)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，則在星(xing)(xing)三(san)角(jiao)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)才 2~2.3 倍(bei)，同時(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)(jie)法直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 1/√3，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩也(ye)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)原三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)(jie)法直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 1/3，所以采(cai)用(yong)星(xing)(xing)三(san)角(jiao)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)特性(xing)很(hen)好，而轉(zhuan)矩特性(xing)較差，所以客觀上只(zhi)(zhi)適用(yong)于(yu)無載或輕載起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合，雖然起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩較小(xiao)，但同比別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，其結構最簡單，價格(ge)也(ye)最便(bian)宜。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)功率(lv)大于(yu) 55KW 時(shi)(shi)，星(xing)(xing)三(san)角(jiao)降(jiang)(jiang)壓啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一般串入過渡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，可(ke)以避免星(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)(jie)法切(qie)接(jie)(jie)換至三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)(jie)法中抑制二次沖擊。傳統(tong)大理石(shi)排(pai)鋸采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)就是星(xing)(xing)三(san)角(jiao)降(jiang)(jiang)壓起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻方(fang)式(shi)，有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，但不能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)速(su)度進行(xing)調(diao)節，能耗大，目前已經慢慢退出市場。
三、普傳科技PI9000系(xi)列變頻(pin)器(qi)介紹
; PI9000系列變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)是普(pu)傳科技新(xin)研發的一款高性(xing)能(neng)電(dian)流(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)，具(ju)有(you)(you) V/F、無(wu) PG 矢(shi)量(liang)和帶 PG 矢(shi)量(liang)三(san)種(zhong)控制(zhi)方(fang)式，其中在突(tu)加/減載荷的情況下(xia)，速度(du)波動(dong)非常輕微；適用于三(san)相交流(liu)異步電(dian)動(dong)機和永磁同步電(dian)機，可以(yi)為(wei)(wei)用戶減少庫存，不(bu)再(zai)需要為(wei)(wei)不(bu)同的電(dian)機備用不(bu)同變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)的庫存；具(ju)有(you)(you)準(zhun)確(que)的電(dian)機參數(shu)自學(xue)(xue)習(xi)功能(neng)，支持全面(mian)自學(xue)(xue)習(xi)與靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)自學(xue)(xue)習(xi)，其中靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)自學(xue)(xue)習(xi)可以(yi)在電(dian)機無(wu)法脫(tuo)開負(fu)載的場合準(zhun)確(que)的學(xue)(xue)習(xi)電(dian)機的參數(shu)；具(ju)有(you)(you)上電(dian)外圍設備安(an)全自檢，逐波限流(liu)，定時控制(zhi)等個性(xing)化功能(neng)，使電(dian)機運行更(geng)平穩，噪音(yin)更(geng)小。具(ju)體，特性(xing)參數(shu)、功能(neng)如下(xia)表所(suo)示：
四、現場電機參數及(ji)變頻器選(xuan)型：
現場電機參數：
變頻器選(xuan)型：
根據現場(chang)負載運行狀況(kuang)，選擇普傳 PI9230 132G3（380V，132KW）變頻器。
五、變(bian)頻器參數設(she)置及現(xian)場接(jie)線(xian)圖：
接(jie)線圖：
六(liu)、制動(dong)單元及電阻配置：
由于排(pai)鋸(ju)的工(gong)作是(shi)通過電機軸(zhou)拖動(dong)皮帶(dai)輪帶(dai)動(dong)大(da)飛輪作圓周運(yun)動(dong)，當飛輪帶(dai)動(dong)曲柄(bing)連桿旋轉時(shi)，從最(zui)低(di)點(dian)到最(zui)高點(dian)是(shi)電動(dong)過程，從最(zui)高點(dian)到最(zui)低(di)點(dian)是(shi)發電過程，因此(ci)電機每旋轉一圈，有半圈電機是(shi)在發電狀態，因此(ci)需要(yao)配(pei)(pei)置制(zhi)動(dong)單元(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)電阻(zu)，用來(lai)消耗電機反饋的再生(sheng)電能。考慮(lv)到實際運(yun)行中會頻繁(fan)出現(xian)制(zhi)動(dong)以及(ji)負載慣量比較大(da)，制(zhi)動(dong)單元(yuan)(yuan)容量及(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)電阻(zu)功率要(yao)適(shi)當加大(da)選型(xing)，具體配(pei)(pei)置如下表：
七、結束(shu)語(yu)
變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)技術的(de)(de)成熟運用(yong)取(qu)代了(le)原有(you)的(de)(de)降壓(ya)起動方式，不但解(jie)決啟動問題、同時可以對(dui)電(dian)機(ji)速度進行調(diao)節。因此，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)在眾多機(ji)械產品(pin)配套中得到使(shi)用(yong)和普及。本(ben)案(an)中的(de)(de)大理石排鋸選用(yong)了(le)普傳 PI9230 系列 132KW 變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)，通過變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)調(diao)節電(dian)機(ji)轉速，不僅(jin)切割板面平整(zheng)度好，而且耗電(dian)量少，大大改進了(le)現有(you)的(de)(de)石材加工(gong)工(gong)藝，同時也延(yan)長了(le)排鋸的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命和減少維修(xiu)保養次數。大理石排鋸通過引(yin)入變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)技術，不但技術上提(ti)升了(le)檔次，而且更適合其工(gong)藝的(de)(de)要求。提(ti)高了(le)整(zheng)體設備的(de)(de)性價(jia)比。
現場照片(pian)：
